![]() Of adipocere, as supported by the accumulation of fatty acids. In contrast, polyester clothing induced the formation Similarly, no adipocere was found in the samples wrapped 19 In particular, no adipocere was formed in plastic bags due to theĪbsence of diffusion properties and the consequent liquefaction of Spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and gasĬhromatography–mass spectrometry. Showed differential formation of adipocere when analyzed by infrared Polyethylene bags and buried in soil, or wrapped in polyester andĬotton clothes and buried in soil over a 12 month period. Soil (control sample), placed in mock coffins (lined with both plasticĪnd satin material or unlined) and then buried in soil, wrapped in Pigs’ adipose tissue samples that were buried directly in the To evaluate the effects that different burial typesĪnd environment have on decomposition, an experimental model compared In PMI estimation, and increasing its accuracy. With different physicochemical and biological properties that couldĪllow the development of statistical models capable of accountingįor intrinsic and extrinsic taphonomic variables, reducing biases 5, 14− 18 The analysis of the proteome offers a large pool of potential biomarkers Is attracting great interest in the forensic community, despite representingĪ relatively new field that needs further evaluations and validationsīefore its application to forensic investigations. ![]() 12, 13 Among the biomolecular methods, proteomics With energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and have shown promising X-ray mapping, computed tomography, and scanning electron microscopy ![]() Biophysical methods involve the use of dispersive These techniques, vibrational and fluorescence spectroscopy have seenĪ considerable growth in the literature 10− 12 due to their high reproducibilityĪnd versatility. New routes for the estimation of PMI from skeletal remains. More recently, new molecular and biophysical Problem in the application of this methodology for PMI estimation. To influence adipocere formation, an therefore, it represents a substantial Maintaining the body in a biologically and chemically stable stage Presence of a zinc coffin can considerably slow the decay process, 7 A recent study on 408 bodies showed that the Temperature) and intrinsic factors (e.g., body fat) can heavily affectīoth the adipocere formation and the rate of decomposition. 6 Furthermore, environmental conditions (e.g., pH, humidity, 6 This method, however, becomes unreliable forĮxtended PMIs or for fully skeletonized remains. One of the most commonly utilized methodsįor PMI estimation is the evaluation of the formation of adipocere. 5 All of these variables must be considered when developing estimation 1, 3, 4 There are also intrinsic biological factors that can affect post-mortemĬhanges such as body size, age, and trauma. Of the carcass to bacteria, insects, and scavengers play central roles 1, 2 Among those, the burial modality ( e.g., exposed,īuried in the ground or in coffins, submerged in water) and the accessibility Taphonomic changes are highlyĭependent on different environmental conditions ( e.g., temperature, precipitation, humidity, soil composition). The cadaveric decomposition, and for this reason, there are not universallyĪccepted methods in the literature. Relies on the fact that several factors can differentially affect Of the most complex tasks that forensic scientists are asked to performĭuring the examination of human remains. Post-mortem interval (PMI) represents one The potential of LC-MS/MS-based proteomics in forensic sciences. The differential preservation of noncollagenous proteins, confirming These results show that the two burial environments play a role in Protein markers ( i.e., proteins not affected by theīurial environment) are identified for PMI and AAD estimation. Whereas no clear differences are detected for post-translational protein ![]() Show that 16 proteins are better preserved under the entombed conditionsĪnd 4 proteins are better preserved under the inhumed conditions, Of 14 exhumed individuals from cemeteries in Southern Italy with differentĪADs (29–85 years) and PMIs (1–37 years). The present study aims at investigating theĮffects that two commonly used types of burial practices (entombmentĪnd inhumation) have on bone protein survival. That can hinder the potential application of molecular techniques Of such proteins is highly dependent on intrinsic and extrinsic factors Significant interest for their potential in estimating post-mortem In forensic investigations as it retains key biomolecules commonly Tissue and a precious reservoir of information
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